Discuss the controversies that have occurred around the issue of race Essay

Discuss the controversies that have occurred around the issue of race and intelligence - Essay Example According to scientists, the relation between the two constructs race and intelligence cannot be defined accurately (Sternberg, 2005). Psychologists and sociologists have come up with different views on what the constructs imply. In their attempt to correlate them, researchers have only given way to more contradictory ideas. It is a common belief that level of intelligence varies from race to race. This belief has fuelled controversy over the issue of racial discrimination on the basis of intelligence quotient or IQ. Nisbett (2005) states that there is a difference of intelligence level among the Blacks and the Whites. He further claims that the Whites have scored over the Blacks in intelligence testing by one deviation point. However, Nisbett’s point is countered by the view that intelligence testing methods vary depending on the socio-cultural context of the individual (Sternberg, 2005). There have been a lot of debates and discussions over the analysis of intelligence and its genetic bearing. Though it is an abstract concept but can be measured by means of a number of techniques that keep on evolving. Experts are of the opinion that as intelligence is multi-dimensional in nature and conceptually vary from society to society it calls for different conceptual methods of measuring it (Neisser et al, 1996). Of late there happens to be a disagreement over the authenticity and validity of IQ test patterns as it has been declared to be outdated in ascertaining the intelligence level or mental ability of different races. It is because of the simple reason that the conceptual construct varies culturally and socially. As a result the attributes that make for intelligence within the Chinese might not be so for the Americans. Therefore it could be said that the IQ test’s predictability is limited (Neisser, 1996). Neisser’s views though

Survey Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Survey Design - Assignment Example Please send back the filled questionnaire within two weeks of receipt. Thank you in advance. The target population for the study is employees and employers in the Department of Veterans Affairs who agree to participate in the study. The reason for the choice of the population are that the employers and employees are mostly affected by workplace conflicts and the ability of resolving workplace conflicts in an amicable manner is beneficial for the employers and employees for work efficiency and effectiveness The chosen sample will consist of 100 employers and employees in the Department of Veteran Affairs. The sample is divided into two strata consisting of 50 employers and 50 employees to ensure the data is collected within the available time and the conclusions are all encompassing in terms of the views and opinions of the employees and the employers. The benefits of the sample chosen include accessibility and allows for the limited time for the research to be enough for completion of the study in a comprehensive manner1. The sampling process to be used is probability random sampling ensuring the selection of an appropriate sample for the study2. Stratified sampling will be in the division of the sample to two strata consisting of employers and employees. The benefits of using stratified random sampling include equitable distribution of the population under study, ensures equitable representation of the two strata in the sample chosen for use in the study, and accounting for the differences in the groups used for the study. The order of the questions has an effect on the responses through providing context for preceding questions. In a survey, having closed-ended questions before open-ended questions result in mentioning of concepts mentioned in earlier close-ended questions in filling open-ended questions. Open-ended questions have order effects in terms of contrast and assimilation effects in questionnaires where

Annual marketing plan of general motors

Annual marketing plan of general motors An annual marketing plan is a powerful management tool for business organizations targeting to strengthen their market positions. The plan provides a guide on all marketing activities for an entire financial year. A good marketing plan is obtained from a strategic marketing study and research based on a particular organization. In this essay, we focus on General Motors Companys annual marketing plan which contains its situation analysis, marketing objectives, strategies, tactics, financial considerations and a timetable for implementation. A situation analysis provides a general understanding of General Motors internal and external business environments (Brown Ph D Brown, 2008). This is the analysis of the company, customers, collaborators, competitors and the climate (NetMBA.com, 2010). The company is one of the worlds largest automaker with several years of experience and operating in over 157 countries in the world and has its headquarters in Detroit. It sells and services vehicles through several known brands such as Chevrolet and FAW among others. The company is well known brand name in the competitive automotive industry and uses the latest technology in managing its entire marketing network all over the world. The companys culture is to produce and sell high quality vehicles and services to the entire world. Moreover, greatest goal is to retain all its customers for the future service provision. In addition, the company has a diverse supplier base which provides quality raw materials for its production process. The supplier diversity ensures that the company gets the best for its investments which go a long way in customer satisfaction (General Motors, 2010). The company has a very huge world market with broad customer base which is being targeted by its marketing plan. These customers are provided with timely discounts on vehicle sales as well as services which motivate them thus increasing purchases. Also, the company is in a very competitive automotive industry facing actual threat from existing players such as Toyota and other potential new entrants. Currently, the Worlds political and regulatory environment is stable and favors the company good performance. On the other hand, the economic environment is still recovering from recession which decreased customers purchasing power. However, the new technology and the social environment are good for the companys marketing strategies (General Motors, 2010). The marketing objectives of General Motors include the recovering the lost market share by the end of the year. This is because recently the company lost United States market share to Ford Motor Co. and Toyota Motor Corp. The second company objective is to increase its annual sales revenue by over 30 %. This is to recover from its fall of light-vehicle sales by 5.7 % and also to counter Ford and Toyota sales which have soared over 30 % respectively (Bloomberg, 2010). Another marketing strategy is to position itself in the market for easy and quick introduction of new innovative products and services throughout the year. This is because the company uses its innovative strategies to meet dynamic customer demands for automotives which require appropriate marketing plan. Moreover, the company aims to improve its corporate image throughout the year as well as raise public awareness of all its automotive models and services (Berry Wilson, 2000). The company marketing strategies will include; advertising, sales promotion, publicity and direct marketing. The advertisements will entail the paid spaces and airtime on the broadcast and print media. Moreover, the outdoor advertisements with huge pictures of the model vehicles could attract new and existing customers. The sales promotion involves the use of incentives and offers that encourage the population to purchase its products and services at specific times. The publicity is that awareness created by the information and opinion carried by third parties about the companys automotives and services. The direct marketing involves the personal presentation to customers or prospective buyers on the vehicle performances and services offered. This direct marketing can be done through any convenient mode of correspondence between the company employees and the target customers (Mullin Cummins, 2008). The tactics to be employed by the company are aimed at maximizing the achievement of specific marketing objectives through particular strategies. The major tactic is for the company to engage integrated marketing which utilizes the four strategic marketing tools in a balanced way to achieve its objectives. For instance, General Motors is an industrial company and as such most emphasis should be put on direct marketing. In addition, the company will select specific periods within the year to carry out sales promotion aimed at acquiring short term sales targets. Moreover, the advertisement strategy is worth monitoring so as to use the most appropriate advertisement media such as the internet, newspaper or broadcast. Furthermore, the publicity tool will constantly be in use when the company offers good products and services to third parties who in turn speak about the company thus achieving indirect marketing (Mullin Cummins, 2008). The financial consideration for the companys marketing plan is to ensure that the benefits value exceed the marketing expenses. The marketing expenses will be monitored throughout the entire year to avoid any budget variances. The marketing plan affects the sales, cost of sales and the marketing expenses all of which directly affects profitability and cash flow. Therefore financial consideration is very important for any effective marketing plan (Berry Wilson, 2000). The timetable of implementation of this marketing plan begins immediately and will run through the entire financial year. The various marketing strategies and tools will be used appropriately at different times and sometimes blended to achieve maximum objectives. The final marketing report will be prepared at the end of the year for the appraisal purposes. This final report will be used further in the preparation of the next annual marketing plan. In conclusion, an annual marketing plan is a crucial management tool that is used by General Motors to achieve their management objectives.

Explain Why Human Emotion May Be Regarded as a Powerful Component of Successful Advertising

Explain why human emotion may be regarded as a powerful component of successful advertising Consumer buying and use of goods in many cases is to pursue a kind of emotional satisfaction, or self image display. When some kind of commodity to meet the consumer's psychological needs or show the self image, which in the minds of consumers value may go far beyond the product itself. It is precisely because of this, the emotional appeal advertisement in modern society be born, in today is to flourish. Therefore, the emotional advertising appeal to consumers is the emotional or affective responses, convey goods to their added value or emotionally satisfying, the formation of consumer positive brand attitude. According to the different human emotion classification of affective advertising, emotional advertising into family love, love, friendship and affection, not only gives the product vitality and the characteristics of human nature, but also can arouse consumers nostalgic or longing for the emotional resonance, which can induce consumer goods purchasing motivation. For example: Friendship is a part of life. † Maxwell House Coffee: good stuff should be shared with friends. â€Å", this is Maxwell coffee launch of the advertisement language as into the Taiwan market, because the Nescafe has been occupy the market in Taiwan, Maxwell had to hand the emotion, coffee and friendship with together, won the recognition of consumers, so Maxwell coffee has successful entered Taiwan market. When people see a Maxwell House coffee, think of friends and share feeling, this feeling is really good.. References Olney. T. J. M. B. R. Consumer Responses to Advertising: The Effects of Ad Content, Emotions, and Attitude toward the Ad on Viewing Time . Vol. 17,No. 4(Mar,1991),pp. 440-453 Holbrook. M. B. J. The role of emotion in advertising

The Confidential Secrets for Ielts.org Essay Samples

The Confidential Secrets for Ielts.org Essay Samples All About Ielts.org Essay Samples So imagine what it is that you're up against in the event you should attempt writing business essay all on your own. Much like any very good essay, organization is important. To compose your essay, here's every step you will need to take. Essays are your very best friend. As you probably already know, simply because you've got a definition essay topic and a couple examples doesn't indicate you've got an essay. It's possible for you to use narrative essay examples high school to find out more. Before you start your essay, familiarize yourself with a few of the fundamentals. This kind of essay needs extra attention of the graduates to figure out the assorted facets of the essays. The Advantages of Ielts.org Essay Samples If you wish to create a college essay which works, you will need to provide importance on the content which you will supply the admissions officer of your intended university with. 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What Is the Vulgate

The Vulgate is a Latin translation of the Bible, written in the late 4th century and start of the 5th, largely by the Dalmatia-born Eusebius Hieronymus (St. Jerome), who had been taught at Rome by the rhetoric teacher Aelius Donatus, otherwise known for advocating punctuation and as the author of a grammar and biography of Virgil. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to work on the four Gospels, Jeromes version of Holy Scripture became the standard Latin version, replacing many other less scholarly works. Although he was commissioned to work on the Gospels, he went further, translating most of the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew that includes apocryphal works not included in the Hebrew Bibles. Jeromes work became known as the editio vulgata common edition (a term also used for the Septuagint), whence Vulgate. (It might be worth noting that the term Vulgar Latin uses this same adjective for common.) The four Gospels had been written in Greek, thanks to the spread of that language in the area conquered by Alexander the Great. The pan-Hellenic dialect spoken in the Hellenistic era (a term for the era following the death of Alexander in which Greek culture was dominant) is called Koine -- like the Greek equivalent of Vulgar Latin -- and is distinguished, largely by simplification, from the earlier, Classical Attic Greek. Even the Jews living in areas with concentrations of Jews, like Syria, spoke this form of Greek. The Hellenistic world gave way to Roman dominance, but Koine continued in the East. Latin was the language of those living in the West. When Christianity became acceptable, the Greek Gospels were translated by various people into Latin for use in the West. As always, translation is not exact, but an art, based on skill and interpretation, so there were conflicting and inelegant Latin versions that it became Jeromes task to improve upon. It is not known how much Jerome translated of the New Testament beyond the four Gospels. For both Old and New Testaments, Jerome compared available Latin translations with the Greek. While the Gospels had been written in Greek, the Old Testament had been written in Hebrew. The Latin Old Testament translations Jerome worked with had been derived from the Septuagint. Later Jerome consulted the Hebrew, creating an entirely new translation of the Old Testament. Jeromes OT translation, however, didnt have the Seputagints cachet. Jerome did not translate the Apocrypha beyond Tobit and Judith, translated loosely from Aramaic. [Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.] For more on the Vulgate, see the European History Guides Vulgate Profile. Examples: Heres a list of the MSS of the Vulgate from Notes on the early history of the Vulgate Gospels By John Chapman (1908): A. Codex Amiatinus, c. 700; Florence, Laurentian Library, MS. I.B. Bigotianus, 8th~9th cent., Paris lat . 281 and 298.C. Cavensis, 9th cent., Abbey of Cava dei Tirreni, near Salerno.D. Dublinensis, the book of Armagh, A.D. 812, Trin. Coll.E. Egerton Gospels, 8th-9th cent., Brit. Mus. Egerton 609.F. Fuldensis, c. 545, preserved at Fulda.G. San-Germanensis, 9th cent. (in St. Matt. g), Paris lat. 11553.H. Hubertianus, 9th-10th cent., Brit. Mus. Add. 24142.I. Ingolstadiensis, 7th cent., Munich, Univ. 29.J. Foro-Juliensis, 6th~7th cent., at Cividale in Friuli; parts at Prague and Venice.K. Karolinus, c. 840-76, Brit. Mus. Add. 10546.L. Lichfeldensis, Gospels of St. Chad, 7th-8th cent., Lichfield Cath.M. Mediolanensis, 6th cent., Bibl. Ambrosiana, C. 39, Inf.O. Oxoniensis, Gospels of St . Augustine, 7th cent., Bodl. 857 (Auct. D. 2.14).P. Perusinus, 6th cent. (fragment), Perugia, Chapter Library.Q. Kenanensis,1 Book of Kells, 7th-8th cent., Trin. Coll., Dublin.R. Rushworthianus, Gospels of McRegol, before 820, Bodl. Auct. D. 2. 19.S. Stonyhurstensis, 7th cent. (St. John only), Stonyhurst, near Blackburn.T. Toletanus, l0th cent., Madrid, National Library.U. Ultratrajectina fragmenta, 7th-8th cent., attached to the Utrecht Psalter, Univ. Libr. MS. eccl. 484.V. Vallicellanus, 9th cent., Rome, Vallicella Library, B. 6.W. William of Haless Bible, A.D. 1294, Brit. Mus. Reg. I. B. xii.X. Cantabrigiensis, 7th cent.,Gospels of St. Augustine, Corpus Christi Coll, Cambridge, 286.Y. Ynsulae Lindisfarnensis, 7th-8th cent., Brit. Mus. Cotton Nero D. iv.Z. Harleianus, 6th~7th cent, Brit. Mus. Harl. 1775.AA. Beneventanus, 8th~9th cent., Brit. Mus. Add. 5463.BB. Dunelmensis, 7th-8th cent., Durham Chapter Library, A. ii. 16. 3. Epternacensis, 9th cent., Paris lat. 9389.CC. Theodulfianus, 9th cent., Paris lat. 9380.DD. Martino-Turonensis, 8th cent., Tours Library, 22. Burch. Gospels of St. Burchard, 7th-8th cent., WÃ ¼rzburg Univ. Library, Mp. Th. f. 68.Reg. Brit. Mus. Reg. i. B. vii, 7th-8th cent.

The Caribbean Island Of Trinidad - 1921 Words

The Caribbean island of Trinidad contained a high concentration of Plasmodium vivax well into the 20th century. The malaria caused by the Plasmodium parasite greatly hindered the sugarcane and cacao farming on which Trinidad’s economy depended. The poor East Indian farmers and plantation workers were especially hard hit, as they were located in the areas where the disease was most common (Fonaroff 543). The capital, Port-of-Spain, was also continually threatened by malaria outbreaks originating in the large mangrove swamps that bordered the town. Even along the coast, large swaths of land were essentially uninhabitable because of the malaria that emanated from the brackish coastal thickets (British Medical Journal 477). The island†¦show more content†¦This can lead to new generations of mosquito that are resistant to the pesticides and therefore much more difficult to wipe out. This is a significant obstacle to eradication efforts in places that are larger and less ea sily organized to fight malaria than Trinidad was. As a result, the measures that eliminated malaria in Trinidad must be applied in conjunction with an evolutionary understanding of mosquito resistance if they are to be effective elsewhere today. The mosquito eradicators fighting malaria in Trinidad had to overcome the host of geographic and ecological features that had made malaria so endemic. Among the fifteen species of mosquito native to the island, two acted as significant disease vectors (Fonaroff 533). One, Anopheles bellator lays its eggs in the water reservoirs of bromeliad flowers that grow on trees in the rainforests of the islands interior. At dusk, the females fly to nearby villages in search of blood meals (Fonaroff 548). The other, Anopheles aquasalis breeds in fresh or brackish water, often coastal mangrove swamps and rice paddies. It flies, sometimes miles from its breeding grounds, seeking blood meals in coastal areas, including Port-of-Spain (Fonaroff 533). The fe males invade houses at night and bite animals and people for sustenance (Fonaroff 555). Between the highland A. bellator and the coastal A. aquasalis, potential mosquito vectors inhabit nearly the entire island.