The Caribbean Island Of Trinidad - 1921 Words

The Caribbean island of Trinidad contained a high concentration of Plasmodium vivax well into the 20th century. The malaria caused by the Plasmodium parasite greatly hindered the sugarcane and cacao farming on which Trinidad’s economy depended. The poor East Indian farmers and plantation workers were especially hard hit, as they were located in the areas where the disease was most common (Fonaroff 543). The capital, Port-of-Spain, was also continually threatened by malaria outbreaks originating in the large mangrove swamps that bordered the town. Even along the coast, large swaths of land were essentially uninhabitable because of the malaria that emanated from the brackish coastal thickets (British Medical Journal 477). The island†¦show more content†¦This can lead to new generations of mosquito that are resistant to the pesticides and therefore much more difficult to wipe out. This is a significant obstacle to eradication efforts in places that are larger and less ea sily organized to fight malaria than Trinidad was. As a result, the measures that eliminated malaria in Trinidad must be applied in conjunction with an evolutionary understanding of mosquito resistance if they are to be effective elsewhere today. The mosquito eradicators fighting malaria in Trinidad had to overcome the host of geographic and ecological features that had made malaria so endemic. Among the fifteen species of mosquito native to the island, two acted as significant disease vectors (Fonaroff 533). One, Anopheles bellator lays its eggs in the water reservoirs of bromeliad flowers that grow on trees in the rainforests of the islands interior. At dusk, the females fly to nearby villages in search of blood meals (Fonaroff 548). The other, Anopheles aquasalis breeds in fresh or brackish water, often coastal mangrove swamps and rice paddies. It flies, sometimes miles from its breeding grounds, seeking blood meals in coastal areas, including Port-of-Spain (Fonaroff 533). The fe males invade houses at night and bite animals and people for sustenance (Fonaroff 555). Between the highland A. bellator and the coastal A. aquasalis, potential mosquito vectors inhabit nearly the entire island.

Stefan’s Diaries The Craving Chapter 23 Free Essays

We hailed a carriage heading uptown – Lexi told me I needed to save my strength for whatever came next – and got out without bothering to pay. This was what life was like for one such as Lexi, powerful and simple in her wants and desires. She didn’t need any intricate, crazy plans for amassing wealth. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 23 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She could compel anyone to do anything she asked, and life was incredibly easy. It was tempting, especially the aspect that was nonviolent. No one was hurt in any of her activities, except financially. Lexi must have read my thoughts because she grinned at me and waggled her eyebrows. â€Å"You should stick with me, my friend. Life like this can be sweet, not a curse,† she offered. I shook my head, smiling. â€Å"Thanks, but as you keep saying, I have my own path.† By the time we made it to the Sutherland mansion, its windows were dark and already draped in festoons of black crepe. In the strange half-light of the early hour, dew sparkled eerily off the matte cloth. The house was cordoned off. I gently forced the lock. Neither Lexi nor I made any noise until we came into the living room, when she gave a gasp. The coroners had removed the bodies but not done any cleanup work. The vast amounts of blood from their ripped-up bodies had seeped into the carpet and stained the marble floors beneath. Dark black splatters of dried blood covered the walls, matching the crepe outside. â€Å"My god,† Lexi whispered. â€Å"He massacred them.† I fell back into a chair, overwhelmed with guilt. It hadn’t been long since I had discovered the poor family here, their bodies still warm with rapidly fleeting life. Backward and backward my thoughts ran, remembering the things I had done wrong, all of which had led up to this sad climax. If I hadn’t run away from the reception†¦ If hadn’t gone along with my brother’s plans to begin with†¦ If I hadn’t saved Bridget†¦ If I hadn’t fled to New York†¦ If I hadn’t made Damon drink blood to complete his transformation†¦ â€Å"This is my fault,† I moaned. I put my head in my hands. The trail of blood and death that wasn’t even of my own devising followed me like a curse. â€Å"No, it’s Damon’s,† Lexi corrected promptly. â€Å"And Klaus’s.† â€Å"I should never have come here†¦. I should have stayed as far away from humans as possible.† â€Å"Hey.† Lexi walked over to me, kneeling down and looking up into my face. She put a hand on my chin, forcing me to look back at her. â€Å"You didn’t do this. Klaus did – he ordered this. And you had no intention of marrying into this family. That was Damon’s idea. You told me yourself – he threatened to kill that roomful of people if you didn’t go along. I would have killed him at that point, but he’s not my brother.† I gazed into her dark eyes. â€Å"I’ve done so much wrong.† She bit her lower lip. â€Å"You made mistakes in the past. Bad ones. But you know that, and were doing your best to correct them, or at least avoid them in the future. That’s why I am here, Stefan. You’re worth saving.† A pain that had nothing to do with thirst made my throat ache. â€Å"Lexi, please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I can see into your heart, Stefan,† she said softly. â€Å"I don’t just appear out of the blue to save any vampire. You’re different. And someday, maybe, you’ll know that. And part of your curse will be over.† She leaned forward and pressed her lips against my cheek. I could feel the soft flutter of her eyelashes as she closed her eyes against my face. â€Å"Come on,† she said, backing up and chucking me under the chin. â€Å"We have work to do. I’ll look around down here. You go get whatever things of yours the police haven’t confiscated. I think you’re moving out of this town for a while.† Between one breath and the next, between a trick of the light and the deepest shadow, she had changed. Sunny, friendly Lexi now had bloodred eyes and black veins around her face. Fangs glistened in what little light there was. She was in full predator mode, hunting for the slightest sign of the vampire. Even though she was just an older version of what I was, seeing her that way still sent a chill down my body. Lurking just beneath our skin, the monster was always ready to come out. With a heavy heart I plodded up the grand, dark wood staircase. There was no need to be completely silent; the few servants who remained were in their quarters in a distant wing, far away from the death and mess. I could hear their overloud voices, their discussions of prospects and other households – all desperate attempts to fend off the darkness that their employers had slipped into so suddenly. I wondered what Margaret was doing, vowing to get word to her about Klaus and his vendetta. She was probably in her own home with her husband, mourning her sisters and parents. Which was harder? To be dead, or to live with the memory of the dead? As a vampire, I would never know the former, but always experience the latter. I soon reached my room, where a night ago Bridget had thrown herself at me. I smelled traces of the violet perfume she had doused herself with. It had infiltrated my pillow and sheets. So much more childish than Katherine’s scent, the subtle, alluring, complicated mix of citrus and spice†¦. I took a valise – another gift from Winfield, planning for our honeymoon, I suppose – and threw the few things I considered mine into it. My old clothes, some spare change, my journal. I flipped to an old page where I’d written about Katherine. September 8, 1864 She is not who she seems. Should I be surprised? Terrified? Hurt? It’s as if everything I know, everything I’ve been taught, everything I’ve believed in my past seventeen years is wrong. I can still feel where she kissed me, where her fingers grasped my hands. I still yearn for her, and yet the voice of reason is screaming in my ears: you cannot love a vampire! If I had one of her daisies, I could pluck the leaves and let the flower choose for me. I love her†¦ I love her not†¦ I†¦ I love her. I do. No matter the consequences. Is this what following your heart is? I wish there was a map or a compass to help me find my way. But she has my heart and that above all else is my North Star†¦ and that will have to be enough. I snapped the book shut, curling my lip at my foolishness. Downstairs was the present reality and thinking about the past did no good. I threw the book into the valise and went downstairs. But instead of finding Lexi there to greet me, there was emptiness and a horrible, familiar scent. Death and decay. A faint breeze whistled through broken wood; the back door was left wide open. I shivered despite myself. The silence, Lexi’s absence, howled like a banshee. A single piece of paper, the size of a ticket, fluttered on the floor. I picked it up, feeling dread prickle my skin. All it said was: PAYMENT NUMBER TWO – LUCIUS. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 23, Essay examples

Past Awareness Essay Example For Students

Past Awareness Essay English-Period 6May 29, 2004Knowledge. In our society it is something that we take for granted, because we have so much access. We might not think much of it, but a society without knowledge, especially knowledge of the past will quickly become weak, and the people of that society will become in a trance, much like the characters in 1984, Fahrenheit 451, and Lord of the Flies had become. In 1984, the government has supreme rule, and what they say is, is, and people soon came to be in a mindless trance of government patriotism. Not much different came about in Fahrenheit 451s societal structure. Along with the mindless patriotism, there was an inherent fear of the government. In Lord of the Flies there was no leader, and the characters knew very little about the past. They had become murderous savages that ravaged each other for power and dominance. From these textual examples I have concluded that a societies need for knowledge is vital to its functionality. In 1984, the main charact er Winston is in a world where a persons existence is of no importance. People are brain washed to love the government. The government has two names in 1984, one being Big Brother, and the other being The Party. In Winstons society, all records were changed by the government to look like the government was correct the whole time, even though they were not. One such occurrence is when they change from being at war with Eurasia, to Eastasia. The government takes all the records that say they were ever at war with Eurasia, and quickly change them so the say they were always at war with Eastasia. Although the significance does not really make any sense, and you may be thinking, Why does such a minor detail even matter? Well the reason is people never notice this change. By people being so unaware, it shows what Winstons government had the power to do. When people died, they were erased from the past. They became nobody, a no one. On page 122, of 1984 a man named Syme, who had some trait s The party didnt approve of disappeared, and only a few thoughtless people, commented on his absence. Not two days after his disappearance did people already forget about him. The only person aware of this disappearance is Winston, who has overcome the Partys mind control, and began thinking for himself, so was able to notice such things that the government intended them not to notice. In 1984 Winston is basically driven insane by this lack of knowledge. He has a varicose ulcer on his ankle, and more varicose veins on his legs. After he has his breakthrough and begins to gain knowledge, his ulcer begins to go away, and his veins begin to subside. The amount of stress he had from The Partys control was incredible, and it was not until he had become more loose and gained knowledge did his health improve. In Winstons society, people did not have knowledge of the past, so they were liable to make mistakes because they could not learn from their actions. When people were erased from Win stons society, people were not able to look at that persons mistake/mistakes and prevent a horrible fate for themselves. Everyone that could think for themselves, and had knowledge of the past was bound to die. We will write a custom essay on Past Awareness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Lord of the Flies a group of children from England are forced to evacuate because they are at war with the enemy. On their plane ride to salvation, the plane is shot down by the enemy, and thus the children are stranded on an island indefinitely until a rescue arrives. While the children were there they had no knowledge of how a society should function, and in their attempts to run one, they killed some of the children and forced others to be outcasts. They had no adult to teach them information about how past societies were run, and had nothing to look at and fix their own societal mistakes. Their attempts at forming a parliament like group, and choosing a leader were futile. This ongoing breakdown of their society led to more violence and barbaric behavior, including